Gluten: What Do You Need to Know
Gluten is a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. It is present in many foods — from bread, to pasta, to sauces and baked goods.
For most people, gluten is not a problem. However, for some, its consumption can cause significant discomfort and health issues. The most common conditions are coeliac disease, gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy.
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✅ What is Ceoliac Disease?
Ceoliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder. When a person with ceoliac disease consumes gluten, their body perceives it as harmful and begins attacking the small intestine.
This causes inflammation, making it difficult to absorb essential nutrients such as iron, calcium, and vitamins. Over time, this can lead to further complications like anaemia, weakness, osteoporosis, or pediatric growth deficiencies.
Symptoms of Coeliac Disease:
• Bloating, abdominal pain, gas
• Diarrhoea or constipation
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue, lethargy, anaemia
• Headaches, blurred vision
• Irritability, anxiety, or even depression
• In children: developmental delays or irritability
Coeliac disease does not “go away” and cannot be treated with medication. The only solution is a strict gluten-free diet for life.
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What is Gluten Sensitivity or Intolerance?
Some people do not have coeliac disease or a wheat allergy, but they feel better when avoiding gluten. They may experience:
• Bloating
• Fatigue
• “Brain fog”
• Joint pain
• Headaches or mood swings
This is called non-coeliac gluten sensitivity. Science does not fully understand it yet, but it is recognised as a condition
There is no specific test for diagnosing gluten intolerance. Diagnosis is made by ruling out other conditions and following an elimination diet, always under the guidance of a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or nutritionist.
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Wheat Allergy
A wheat allergy is an immune system reaction after consuming products containing wheat. Typical allergy symptoms include:
• Skin rashes, itching, and swelling
• Coughing, difficulty in breathing, or shortness of breath
• In rare and severe cases, anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention
If you are diagnosed with a wheat allergy, it does not necessarily mean you must avoid all gluten-containing products. Proper guidance and medical advice are essential to determine the right diet for you.
Summary
Gluten is safe for most people, but for some, it can cause serious health issues. Whether it’s ceoliac disease, gluten sensitivity, or wheat allergy, it’s crucial to recognise the symptoms and seek an accurate diagnosis from a specialist.
The only “treatment” for these conditions is a proper diet — avoiding or limiting gluten, according to the recommendations of your healthcare professional. A well-structured diet combined with expert support can significantly improve your quality of life and protect your health in the long run.
Listen to your body’s signals — awareness and proper care make all the difference.